幼儿线描画教学尝试的方法分析

　　幼儿线描画教学尝试的方法分析

　　Children's line drawing teaching method to try

　　线描画是人类最古老最原始的绘画方式，线描画是最简便、最直接用于表现形象的绘画手段，是指单纯用线条画成的画，用单线单色去描绘物体进行绘画创作的一种绘画方式。在现实生活中，幼儿可以用各种各样的绘画方法，将自己内心世界或自己感知的外界事物表现出来。如水彩画、撕画、废旧材料粘贴、手指点画等，而线描画使用工具简单，画起来更方便，它对具体物象既能作概括处理，也可以进行细致刻画。幼儿通过线描画练习，不仅可以塑造形象，表达感情，还可以增强自信，提高观察力、表现力和创造力。下面我就谈谈在线描画教学过程中的几点体会：

　　Line drawing is the oldest and most primitive way of drawing, line drawing is the most simple and most direct image used to represent the means of painting, is refers to the pure drawn with lines, painting, painting with single monochrome to describe object created a way of painting. In real life, children can use a variety of painting method, their inner world and their perception of the outside world things. Water painting, picture, waste material paste, fingers point project, etc., and the line drawing with simple tools and drawing up more convenient, it can summarize on the specific object already processing, can also be a detailed characterization. Young children through line drawing practice, can not only shape the image, to express feelings, also can enhance self-confidence, improve observation, expression and creativity. Let me talk about online painted some experiences in the process of teaching:

　　一、激发兴趣，是培养幼儿线描画创作的前提

　　One, stimulate interest, is the premise to foster kids line drawing creation

　　兴趣是最好的老师，是幼儿美术创作活动的前提。幼儿有了兴趣，才有作画的愿望，才能更迅速地提高绘画技能。所以在绘画教学过程中，我们首先需要根据幼儿的年龄特点，采取多样化的方式方法，如借用故事、儿歌、谜语、游戏、欣赏作品等形式唤起幼儿作画的兴趣。

　　Interest is the best teacher, is the premise of children's art creation activity. Young children have interest, just have the desire of the painting, to more quickly improve painting skills. So in the process of drawing teaching, the first thing we need to according to age characteristics of children, to take a variety of ways, such as borrow story, form such as children's songs, riddles, games, and appreciate the works arouse children's interest in painting.

　　二、观察积累，是丰富幼儿线描画创作的基础

　　Second, the observation accumulation, is the foundation of rich children's line drawing creation

　　观察能力是人类智力活动的门户，是一切想象的基础。幼儿线描画创作的基础是观察积累。孩子们通过观察对各种形象有了一定的感知，才有可能去思考和想象。陈鹤琴先生认为"大自然大社会是我们的活教材"，他主张让孩子多到大自然中去直接学习，获取直接的经验。生活中的一切新事物都能使幼儿产生好奇，哪怕是微不足道的一点发现都可以增长孩子的知识，大自然中绚丽的色彩对幼儿永远都有着新鲜而神奇的魅力。大自然中的小鸟、花草、树木等，都能使幼儿对它们产生好奇，我们要引导幼儿去观察、发现生活中无处不在的线条，如每个人不一样的头发，有直的也有卷曲的，每棵树的树皮上不一样的花纹，每片叶子也有不一样的茎脉……幼儿通过想象，可以用直线、曲线、螺旋线、弧线等等的线条去描绘他们的特征。生活中各种各样的线条会给人们带来不同的美的享受，教师要引导孩子观察比较，掌握物体的主要特征，比如同样是天空中的小鸟，但是小鸟的种类千差万别、小鸟身上的颜色五彩缤纷，我们可以用什么样的线条来表现它们的个体差异呢？教师要启发幼儿思考，让幼儿用自己的肉眼去发现这些不同之处，让幼儿用恰当的线条表达出来。这样能启发、鼓励幼儿认真观察，细心表现，幼儿描绘出的画面也更加的细致、准确，同时也能培养幼儿绘画的耐心和自信心。在描绘大自然和生活中的物象时，幼儿可以运用多种线条的组合，方向的排列、粗细、长短来表达，不是看什么画什么。自然界中很多线条都是不规则的，幼儿可以根据自己的审美角度，可以添加或删除一些不好看的线条，再加上自己的创作，按自己的意愿把复杂的对象画出来。幼儿对新鲜事物有着极大的热情，对写写画画有着浓厚的兴趣，只要教师加以合理的引导，他们不仅能用线描创作出美好的画面，同时也提高了幼儿的观察能力。

　　Observing ability is the portal of human intelligence activity, is the foundation of all imagination. Children's line drawing creation accumulation is the basis of observation. Children through the observation of various image have a certain sense, to think and imagine is possible. Chen Heqin thinks Mr Big society is our perseverance "nature", he argued that let children learn to nature more directly, gain direct experience. All new things in your life can make children have curiosity, even the trivial point found can increase children's knowledge, the nature of brilliant color on young children always has a fresh and magical charm. Nature of birds, flowers, trees, etc., can make children curiosity about them, we will encourage children to go to the line of observation, found everywhere in our life, everyone is not the same as the hair, straight and curly, each different decorative pattern on the bark of trees, each leaf is different vein stem... Children through imagination, can use the straight line, curve, spiral line, arc and so on lines to describe their features. Life all kinds of line will bring people to enjoy the different beauty, teachers to guide children to observe more, mastering the main characteristics of the object, such as the same is a bird in the sky, but the color of the bird species differ in thousands ways, the bird body colors, we can use what line to show their individual differences? Teacher should inspire the children to think, let the children with their own to find these differences to the naked eye, let children use the appropriate line. That can inspire and encourage young children watch seriously, careful, children paint pictures and more detailed and accurate, at the same time also can cultivate children's painting's patience and self-confidence. In describing the nature and object of life, children can use the combination of a variety of lines, the direction of the arrangement, the thickness and length to express, not to see what what to draw. Many lines are irregular in the nature, children can according to your own aesthetic point of view, you can add or delete some not good lines, coupled with his own creation, according to their own intend to draw the complex object. Children have a great enthusiasm for new things and has a keen interest in on drawing as long as teachers are reasonable guidance, they not only can use line to create beautiful images, but also improve the ability of children's observation.

　　三、增强自信心，是发展幼儿绘画创造力的重要保证

　　Third, enhance self-confidence, is the important guarantee of children's painting creativity development

　　绘画活动是孩子非常喜欢并且易于接受的，绘画是孩子用来表情达意的视觉语言，加强幼儿绘画自信心的培养有利于幼儿通过绘画把自己脑海中的意象、心情和对周围事物的认识表达出来，创造一个属于幼儿自己的世界。

　　Painting activities are children like it very much and easy to accept, painting are dedicating to the visual language of children, strengthen the cultivation of children's painting the self-confidence is beneficial to children themselves through painting in mind, image, mood, and express the understanding of things around, create a belong to his own child to the world.

　　孩子平时看到别人写字、画画时，常常也喜欢模仿，用笔在纸上涂涂画画。事实上，这是他们与别人沟通的一种方式，让别人了解自己。而他们的这种举动得不到成人们的肯定，认为是"乱画"，因此得到的结果是责备。但孩子在幼儿园里，老师应该正视孩子的"乱画"行为，引导他们，给他们自信和力量，才能激发幼儿的绘画兴趣。那么如何正确引导孩子的 "乱画"行为呢？可以以游戏的方式引导幼儿开展画线比赛，看谁画得多，启发他们画出各种形状的线或点，在幼儿中开展丰富的"线条游戏"，幼儿不知不觉地就会对线条产生兴趣。这种用线条乱画的行为是孩子与生俱来的本能，是孩子涂鸦时期最显著的特征。教师对幼儿乱画行为的赞许，是对幼儿能力的肯定，从而帮助幼儿树立了自信心，营造了良好的学习心境，这将是孩子走向绘画成功的第一步。

　　Children usually see others writing, drawing, usually also like to imitate, paint their pen on the paper. In fact, this is their a way of communication with others, let others know yourself. And their actions can not get into people's affirmation, considered to be "graffiti", so the result is to blame. But children in the kindergarten, the teacher should confront the child's "graffiti" behavior, and guide them and give them confidence and strength, in order to stimulate children's interest in painting. So how to correctly guide the children "graffiti" behavior? Can guide children to carry out the painting line in the form of the game, see who can draw much inspiration they draw a line or point of various shapes, in young children in the rich "lines", children unconsciously will be interested in line. This draw pictures with lines of children are born with instinct, the most notable features of graffiti is children period. Teachers of children's doodling action, is to the children's ability, thus helping children develop the confidence, create a good learning state of mind, it will be a child to the painting, the first step to success.

　　四、成果展评，是提高幼儿审美能力的重要手段

　　Four, exhibition, is an important means of improving children's aesthetic ability

　　成果展评是美术活动的一个重要环节，是幼儿提高认识的过程，是培养他们审美能力的过程，更是幼儿体验创新乐趣的过程。在教学中让幼儿参与评价，让他们评价同伴的作品以及自己的作品，观察发现自己创作成功与失败的原因，是幼儿美术学习过程中不可缺少的成长阶段，对美术活动的价值实现的评价是一种"以评价促发展"的方法，让孩子成就激励，收获成功，获取知识。如在线描画教学中，我总有这样的环节设计：引导幼儿相互交流自己的作品，说说自己想要表现的内容是什么，哪些地方已经表现出来了，还有什么地方没有表现出来或是表现得不太好；交流同伴的作品时，首先让幼儿说说有什么值得学习的地方，自己有什么补充意见。长期坚持下来，我发现我班幼儿学会了评价自己，审视别人，能体验到艺术所带来的自我满足感。而且，评价本身就是完整的学习过程的一个重要组成部分，学会评价有助于幼儿根据自己的实际情况，更好地完成美术活动的任务，从而增强幼儿学习的主动性，提高他们美术学习的能力，真正促进其在原有水平上的发展。

　　Exhibition evaluation is an important link in art activities, is the process of children's awareness, to cultivate their aesthetic ability, more children join for the fun of innovation process. Let children participate in the evaluation in the teaching, to let them evaluate partner's works and his own work, observation found himself writing the cause of the success and failure, is indispensable in the process of children's art learning growth stage, to realize the value of the fine arts activities evaluation is a method of "evaluation and promote development", let the child achievement motivation, harvest success, to acquire knowledge. Such as online map teaching, I always have this link design: encourage children to communicate his own work, say they want to do what is the content of the performance, which has shown, what place did not appear or behave is not so good; When the communication partner works, first let the children talk about what's worth learning place, you have what opinion. Insist for a long time, I found that my class children learned to evaluate yourself, look at the others, to experience the art of self satisfaction. Itself is a complete learning process and evaluation is an important part of evaluation can help young children learn according to their own actual situation, to better complete the task of art activities, to enhance children's learning initiative, to improve the ability of art learning, really promote the development of its original level.

　　总之，在幼儿线描画培养过程中，教师应用恰当的策略，由浅入深，由简到繁进行指导，不仅激发了幼儿对线描画的兴趣，能让幼儿塑造好形象，传达自己的情感，更有利于幼儿形成广泛的联想与灵活的思维，有利于幼儿开拓视野，增长知识，丰富经验，并从中体验生活的美，使幼儿自由、快乐地成长。

　　Anyhow, in infant cultivation in the process of wire drawing, teachers' application of appropriate strategies, 1 by Jane to numerous, inspires children's interest in wire drawing, not only can let the child to shape a good image, to convey their feelings, is better for children to form a wide range of lenovo and flexible thinking, help children widen our sight and increase knowledge, rich experience, and experience the beauty of life, the children's freedom, happiness, growth.